Bone infections (osteomyelitis) occur when bacteria or other microorganisms invade the bone tissue, often following a fracture, surgery, or infection in another part of the body. Joint infections (septic arthritis) happen when bacteria enter a joint, causing inflammation, pain, and sometimes permanent joint damage if left untreated.

Both conditions can arise suddenly or develop over time, leading to complications such as:

• Chronic pain and swelling
• Reduced mobility or stiffness
• Fever and chills
• Drainage or pus from the infected area (in some cases)
• Causes of Bone and Joint Infections

Infections can occur through various pathways, including:

Injury or trauma: Open fractures, surgery, or joint replacement procedures can introduce bacteria into bones and joints.

Spread from other infections: Bacterial infections elsewhere in the body, such as skin or urinary tract infections, can spread to bones and joints via the bloodstream.

Compromised immune system: Conditions like diabetes, HIV, or other chronic diseases can increase the risk of infection.

Intravenous drug use: The use of needles can introduce bacteria directly into the bloodstream, increasing the risk of bone and joint infections.

Common symptoms of infections in bones and joints include:

• Pain in the affected bone or joint, often worsening with movement
• Swelling, warmth, or redness around the joint or bone
• Fever or chills as the body attempts to fight off the infection
• Limited range of motion and difficulty performing everyday activities

If left untreated, these infections can lead to permanent joint damage and bone destruction, potentially requiring more complex treatments, including surgery.